[90] Young also organized a board of regents to establish a university in the Salt Lake Valley. Since Young's death, a number of works have published collections of his discourses and sayings. If only they wanted it. The study included a total of 2,097 young patients (<50 years) admitted for a heart attack in two large hospitals. "In regard to emigrating trains arriving and passing through our settlements," he wrote in a letter designed to restore calm in Southern Utah, "We must not interfere with them." [13] Young worked as a carpenter and joiner, and built and operated a saw mill. [15] Sometime in 1830, Young was introduced to the Book of Mormon by way of a copy that his brother, Phineas Howe, had obtained from Samuel H. Smith. [73] By the time Young arrived at the final destination, it had come under American control as a result of war with Mexico, although U.S. sovereignty would not be confirmed until 1848. According to William Hayden, Young participated in the Bucksville Forensic and Oratorical Society. 27 on the list. Acknowledged to be one of America's great colonizers, Brigham Young was also governor of Utah Territory from 1850 to 1858, superintendent of Indian Affairs from 1851 to 1858, a founder of about 350 communities in the far west, and founder of several score business enterprises. "[20], When Young sent his report on the massacre to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs in 1858, he said that it was the work of Native Americans.[21]. [24] Lee was executed by firing squad at Mountain Meadows on March 23, 1877. "[189], Mark Twain devoted a chapter and much of two appendices to Young in Roughing It. He was the ninth child of John Young and Abigail "Nabby" Howe. [1][2] Evidence as to whether or not Young ordered the attack on the migrant column is conflicted. [114], One of the more controversial teachings of Young during the Mormon Reformation was the AdamGod doctrine. "[104] The school broke off from the University of Deseret and became Brigham Young Academy in 1876 under the leadership of Karl G. Maeser,[104] and was the precursor to Brigham Young University. [121] The LDS Church has formally repudiated the doctrine as early as 1889,[122] and multiple times since the days of Young. [80] Young's expedition was one of the largest and one of the best organized westward treks, and he made various trips back and forth between the Salt Lake Valley and Winter Quarters to assist other companies in their journeys. [177] Young built the Lion House, the Beehive House, the Gardo House, and the White House in downtown Salt Lake City to accommodate his sizable family. Brigham Young and the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Young's belated message to Isaac C. Haight, acting commander of the Iron County Brigade. "John D. Lee Arrested". 57-70 During his time as church president, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers, west from Nauvoo, Illinois, to the Salt Lake Valley. More of the Story Brigham Young was born in Whitingham, Vermont, on June 1, 1801. In Mendon, Young first became acquainted with Heber C. Kimball, an early member of the LDS Church. Alan Willson ran from his home in Worthing, West Sussex, after his son called him to say he was being attacked. During time as prophet and governor, Young encouraged each bishop to establish a grade school for his congregation, which would be supported by volunteer work and tithing payments. Lee was arrested on November 7, 1874. Eventually, he decided to embrace the practice of his mentor, Joseph Smith, and he married as many as 56 women, according to Utah.gov. Ann Eliza Young was part of a larger anti-polygamy movement. 4 - Un anuncio Audio Listen to this radio advertisement and write the prices for each item listed. TAMPA, Fla. Acting as his own lawyer, a double-murder defendant opened his death penalty trial by shouting at jurors that he did not attack his girlfriend and disabled daughter. [11] After his rest, Haslam picked up the reply from Young and was instructed to return to Cedar City with the letter quickly and not to "spare horseflesh."[11]. Joseph! When asked to comment on the story, which had, "provoked the animosity of the Mormon faithful", Doyle noted, "all I said about the Danite Band and the murders is historical so I cannot withdraw that though it is likely that in a work of fiction it is stated more luridly than in a work of history." An estimated 5,000 members were endowed between December 10, 1845 and February 1846. 1940 Creator. [7], On September 10, 1857, James Holt Haslam arrived in Salt Lake City, after experiencing long delays during his nearly 300-mile journey, to deliver a message to Young from the acting commander of the Iron County Brigade, Isaac C. 25 and had the reputation of being his true love, much to the chagrin and mortification of the youthful Ann Eliza Webb Dee Young, No. [177] A few of his wives served in administrative positions in the church, such as Zina Huntington and Eliza R. Snow. The affidavit was created at John C. Bennett's request, after his excommunication and in conjunction with his distribution of false information combined with true information about the church's practice of polygamy. [67], Before departing Nauvoo, Young focused on completing the Nauvoo temple. As to why he'll suffer another one: it could be from having to see Nate, who he took under his wing, turn into his enemy, or it could be from having his own son come see him, reminding him of his failed marriage. [102], On October 16, 1875, Young deeded buildings and land in Provo, Utah to a board of trustees for establishing an institution of learning, ostensibly as part of the University of Deseret. But over time, Young's perspective shifted. [4], Young was born on June 1, 1801, in Whitingham, Vermont. He was later joined by his family and by other members of the church in Missouri. Brotherton signed an affidavit saying that she had been locked in Smith's office for two days while Young and others tried to convince her to accept polygamy. "[77], Among Young's first acts upon arriving in the valley were the naming of the city as "The City of the Great Salt Lake" and its organization into blocks of ten acres, each divided into eight equal-sized lots. In 1857, at the time of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Brigham Young, was serving as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and as Governor of Utah Territory. [14], In Blood of the Prophets, Mormon historian William Bagley echoes David White's conclusion that the letter does not absolve Young of any wrongdoing. He also worked on the Kirtland Temple and went to a grammar school. Provo, UT 84602, USA 801 . During the defense of Utah, now called the Utah War, Young held the U.S. Army at bay for a winter by taking their cattle and burning supply wagons. He instituted a ban prohibiting conferring the priesthood on men of black African descent, and led the church in the Utah War against the United States. The decree of God that Canaan should be a servant of servants unto his brethren (i.e., Shem and Japhet [sic]) is in full force. [12], However, by the time that the express rider delivered Young's letter to Haight, the massacre at Mountain Meadows had already taken place. Lucy and Young had seven children together. He married single women and widows. His mother died of tuberculosis in June 1815. [24] In May 1834, Young became a member of Zion's Camp, and traveled to Missouri and returned to Kirtland with members of the camp in August. He averred that Chinese and Japanese immigrants would need to be governed by white men as they would have no understanding of government. Only at the end, did Brigham Young sacrifice John D. Lee, when it became obvious that the Nation would have justice for the atrocity. Only at the end, did Brigham Young sacrifice John D. Lee, when it became obvious that the Nation would have justice for the atrocity. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? There is no debate concerning the involvement of individual Mormons from the surrounding communities by scholars. She, her husband Nate and their now 2-month-old son Luke fled their home in East Palestine the night of the train derailment to her mother's house about 14 to 15 miles away. After the exterior was completed on December 10, 1845, members received their temple endowments day and night, and Young officiated many of these sessions. He refused to sign a temperance pledge, however, stating that "if I sign the temperance pledge I feel that I am bound, and I wish to do just right, without being bound to do it; I want my liberty. According to trial testimony given later by Haslam, when Haight read Young's words, he sobbed like a child and could manage only the words, "Too late, too late. [139] The Reformation appeared to have ended completely by early 1858. [112] In 1853, Young made the church's first official statement on the subject since the church had arrived in Utah. Any person that mingles his seed with the seed of Canaan forfeits the right to rule and all the blessings of the Priesthood of God; and unless his blood were spilled and that of his offspring he nor they could not be saved until the posterity of Canaan are redeemed. Dates. [126] After settling in Utah in 1848, Young announced the ban,[126] which also forbade blacks from participating in Mormon temple rites such as the endowment or sealings. The remains of about 40 people were later found and buried, and U.S. Army officer James Henry Carleton had a large cross made from local trees, the transverse beam bearing the engraving, "Vengeance Is Mine, Saith The Lord: I Will Repay" and erected a cairn of rocks at the site. [62][63][64] Young began acting as the church's president afterwards, though he did not yet have a full presidency. GILBERT, Ariz. (KPHO/Gray News) - A family in Arizona says their child was attacked by an out-of-control dog at an area park last week. [153], Young was also involved in the organization of the Salt Lake Gas Works, the Salt Lake Water Works, an insurance company, a bank, and the ZCMI store in downtown Salt Lake City. Brigham Young wasn't the only latter-day prophet to have such close experiences with death. [135] The Mormon Reformation called for a spiritual reawakening among members of the church, and took place largely in the Utah Territory. Doyle's daughter stated: "You know father would be the first to admit that his first Sherlock Holmes novel was full of errors about the Mormons. It was only after the fact, and after the end of the Civil War, that Young slowly realized just how mistaken his hope in a sudden Millennium was: the perpetrators of the MMM were being sought by the Federal courts. [26] His third child and first son, Joseph A. Young had a somewhat mixed view of slavery which historian John G. Turner called a "bundle of contradictions". A flyer passed out by a neo-Nazi group outside Brigham and Womens Hospital in Boston on January 22, 2022 targeting anti-racism physicians Anonymous They are also among a cadre of doctors across the country who are confronting mounting intimidation on social media, and threats of violence. Was brigham young stabbed by a son named Phineas? [110], Though polygamy was practiced by Young's predecessor, Joseph Smith,[111] the practice is often associated with Young. Persuaded by The Swede, Phineas believed he was the chosen one to go forward to lead the Mormons, instead of his father. As a church leader, Brigham Young stood in marked contrast to his predecessor, the charismatic, idealistic, and theologically innovative Joseph Smith. Young also worked to establish the learning institutions which would later become the University of Utah and Brigham Young University. He was the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), from 1847 until his death in 1877. [23] In 1870, Young excommunicated some of the participants, including Haight and Lee, from the LDS Church. Young himself condemned the counterfeiting. This blog is for preview purposes only and all music downloaded should be deleted within 24 hours. This video is private Watch on My dear brothers and sisters, Wendy and I have looked forward to being with you today. [105], Within the church, Young reorganized the Relief Society for women in 1867, and created organizations for young women in 1869 and young men in 1875. By 1870, it had all but disappeared from use.[108]. [134], During 1856 and 1857, a period of renewed emphasis on spirituality within the church known as the Mormon Reformation took place under Young's direction. Materials are in English. During the 1870s Lee,[22] Dame, Philip Klingensmith, Ellott Willden, and George Adair, Jr. were indicted and arrested; warrants were obtained to pursue the arrests of four others (Haight, John Higbee, William C. Stewart, and Samuel Jukes) who had successfully gone into hiding. Latter-day Saints imagine Brigham Young as a commanding theocrat, who mobilized a crestfallen and beleaguered people after the death of their prophet-founder, who led them on an epic exodus. Young established a gold mint in 1849 and called for the minting of coins using gold dust which had been accumulated from travelers during the Gold Rush. [17][18] He was baptized by Eleazer Miller. Young and his two daughters moved to Kirtland along with the Kimball family later that summer. With the onset of the Panic of 1819, Jeffries dismissed Young from his apprenticeship and Young moved to Port Byron, which was then called Bucksville. [19] According to Lee, he informed Young that the Mormons were responsible. At its prime, the alphabet was used in two Deseret News articles, two elementary readers, and in a translation of the Book of Mormon. [6] At age twelve, he moved with his parents to the township of Genoa, close to Cayuga Lake. Brigham Young was the second president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, from 1847 until his death in 1877. Young claimed access to revelation to know God's choice of successor because of his position as an apostle. Young informed Van Vliet that he was skeptical that the army's intentions were peaceful and that the Mormons intended to resist occupation. FactSnippet No. The ninth of twelve children, Brigham was born into a life full of work. Young is the longest-serving president of the LDS Church to date, having served for 29 years. Young, Brigham Born June 1, 1801 Whitingham, Vermont Died August 29, 1877 Salt Lake City, Utah Religious leader Mormon leader Brigham Young led his followers on a trek across the American plains to the Great Salt Lake Valley in present-day Utah. Under his leadership, members in the United Kingdom began publishing Millennial Star, a hymnal, and a new edition of the Book of Mormon. They were from Arkansas." [141], When federal officials received reports of widespread and systematic obstruction of federal officials in Utah (most notably judges), U.S. President James Buchanan decided in early 1857 to install a non-Mormon governor. [140], Shortly after the arrival of Young's pioneers, the new Latter-day Saint colonies were incorporated into the United States through the Mexican Cession. With Tyrone Power, Linda Darnell, Dean Jagger, Brian Donlevy. [68] With the repealing of Nauvoo's charter in January 1845, church members in Nauvoo lost their courts, police, and militia, leaving them vulnerable to attacks by mobs. Brigham Young had six sisters and four brothers. There he showed a talent for organizing the church's work and maintaining good relationships with Joseph Smith and the other apostles. . He said his son's injuries were caused by an uncontrolled dog at the Crossroads Dog Park. No stranger to controversy in his lifetime, early Latter-day Saint leader Brigham Young is generating a little more mystery and contention these days from his graveyard. Brooks has argued the massacre was an overreaction by Mormon militia forces which resulted in the death of settlers and the tarnishing of the Church's reputation. Following her death, he moved with his father to Tyrone, New York. Will Richardson spoke to KPHO and showed what he called bite marks on his 9-year-old son Matthew's neck and back. The game in question was against Brigham Young University, as part of the Mountain West semifinals. We only index and link to content provided on other servers. Van Vliet's mission was to inform Young that the US troops then approaching Utah did not intend to attack the Mormons, but intended to establish an army base near Salt Lake City and to request Young's cooperation in procuring supplies for the army. That is, they may be the new faces of conservatism in the West. At Lee's sentencing, as required by Utah Territory statute, he was given the option of being hung, shot, or beheaded, and he chose to be shot. Young was also one of the first to subscribe to Union Pacific stock, for the construction of the First transcontinental railroad. Reared in the famous Beehive House, Mrs. Spencer has carried with her through life the patient, loving influence of her parents. Crews are continuing cleanup of the area where hazardous materials including vinyl chloride, ethyl acrylate and isobutylene may have . He was replaced as governor the following year by Alfred Cumming. Young supported her and her two children while they lived in their own home in Nauvoo. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Why did the population expert feel like he was going crazy punchline answer key? It later became known as the Young Ladies Mutual Improvement Association, and was a charter member of the National Council of Women and International Council of Women. By the summer of 1877, Young's health was in decline, but he continued to play an active role in the Mormon church up until the end. Young's leadership style has been viewed as autocratic. During the 30 years between the Mormons' arrival in Utah in 1847 and [his death in] 1877, Young directed the founding of 350 towns in the Southwest. [52] Young travelled east with Wilford Woodruff and George A. Smith from July to October 1843 on a mission to raise funds for the Nauvoo temple and its guesthouse. [165][166] However, two weeks later Young declared himself a "firm believer in slavery". From another planet, Adam brought Eve, one of his wives, with him to the earth, where they became mortal by eating the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil. Brigham Young, (born June 1, 1801, Whitingham, Vermont, U.S.died August 29, 1877, Salt Lake City, Utah), American religious leader, second president of the Mormon church, and colonizer who significantly influenced the development of the American West. Matthew Easton, a 24-year-old political science major, told an audience of thousands, "I'm not broken." Young negotiated with Stephen A. Douglas and agreed to lead church members out of Nauvoo in the spring in exchange for peace. [119][120] Instead, those who committed such sins could partially atone for their sin by sacrificing their life in a way that sheds blood. This is due to differences in what scholars have considered to be a "wife". Young's siblings and their spouses were baptized that year or the year afterwards. History of Brigham Young, entry dated Jan. 5, 1852, Church Historians Office Records Collection, LDS Church Archives (quoted in Ricks, A Peculiar Place, 114). [177] Young did not live with a number of his wives or publicly hold them out as wives, which has led to confusion on the number and their identities. History of Brigham Young, entry dated 5 Jan. 1852, in Church Historians Office Records Collection, LDSCA. Brigham Young (/ b r m /; June 1, 1801 - August 29, 1877) was an American religious leader and politician. [2] His last words were "Joseph! After marrying Abigail, John Young settled in Massachusetts. His father was a revolutionary war veteran. He was initially skeptical on whether or not the school's administration would allow the speech but received a message of encouragement from the administrator who reviewed his speech, telling him it was great and to . [152], Young engaged in a vast assortment of commercial ventures by himself and in partnership with others. He also authorized the construction of the Utah Central railroad line, which connected Salt Lake City to the Union Pacific transcontinental railroad. On September 8, 1857, Captain Stewart Van Vliet, of the US Army Quartermaster Corps, arrived in Salt Lake City. He was the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), from 1847 until his death in 1877. When officers arrived at the Nauvoo temple to arrest Young, he sent William Miller out in Young's hat and cloak. [20] There, Young saw Alpheus Gifford speak in tongues, and in response Young also spoke in tongues. Dates 1940-1970 Creator Mackay, Eleanor White (Person) Language of Materials Materials are in English. Lyon, T. Edgar (1989). "Two missionaries of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, serving in the Colombia Cali mission were the victims of a robbery and assault. In 1844, after the assassination of Mormon leader Joseph Smith by an angry mob in Illinois, the Mormons choose Brigham Young as their new leader and follow him to a new promised land in Utah. [16] In 1831, five missionaries of the Latter Day Saint movementEleazer Miller, Elial Strong, Alpheus Gifford, Enos Curtis, and Daniel Bowencame from the branch of the church in Columbia, Pennsylvania to preach in Mendon. Though he himself was hundreds of miles away, the literal hour struck for Brigham Young at Carthage Jail precisely at "5 o'clock, 16 minutes, and 26 seconds" on the afternoon of June 27, 1844. She has been placed on indefinite suspension for her actions, which include punching another . [175], Of Young's fifty-six wives, twenty-one had never been married before; seventeen were widows; six were divorced; six had living husbands and the marital status of six others is unknown. Brigham Young University. [48][49][50] Young was one of the first men in Nauvoo to practice polygamy, and he married more women than any other polygamist while in Nauvoo. [178] In 1865, Karl Maeser began to privately tutor Young's fifty-six children and stopped when he was called on a mission to Germany in 1867. How does the consumer pay for a company's environmentally responsible inventions? An empathy crisis. Brigham Young (/brm/; June 1, 1801 August 29, 1877)[3] was an American religious leader and politician. [83][84] Young and his counselors were again sustained unanimously by church members at a church conference in Salt Lake City in September 1850.[85]. He married -- was sealed to, in Mormon parlance -- young (Clarissa Decker, 15) and old (Hannah Tapfield King, 65). He was the President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1847 until his death in 1877. (Brigham Young was mistaken when he later testified that the meeting took place "some two of three months after the massacre" Young 1875.) Oct 2019 - Apr 20211 year 7 months. In 1849, Young arranged for a printing press to be brought to the Salt Lake Valley, which was later used to print the Deseret News periodical. [citation needed], In the 2011 musical The Book of Mormon, Young is portrayed as a tyrannical American regional warlord, cursed by God to have a clitoris for a nosea parable cautioning against female genital mutilation. [149] It is believed that he died of peritonitis from a ruptured appendix. Young's message of reply to Haight, dated September 10, 1857, read: In regard to emigration trains passing through our settlements, we must not interfere with them until they are first notified to keep away. [182] Some of Young's descendants have become leaders in the LDS Church, as well as prominent political and cultural figures. Jedediah M. Grant, one of the key figures of the Reformation and one of Young's counselors, traveled throughout the Territory preaching to Latter-day Saint communities and settlements with the goal of inspiring them to reject sin and turn towards spiritual things. [66] Young led the church as president of the Quorum of the Twelve until December 5, 1847, when the quorum unanimously agreed to organize a new First Presidency with Young as president of the church. [11] Their daughter, Elizabeth, was born on September 26, 1825. :200 When Young received word in July that federal troops were headed to Utah with his replacement, he called out his militia to ambush the federal force using delaying tactics. A polygamist, Young had at least 56 wives and 57 children. [42] Young and the other apostles directed the church's missionary work and the immigration of new converts from this point forward. [8] Young reported having a strict Puritan-style Christian upbringing. God has shown me that this is the spot to locate his people, and here is where they will prosper. . [35][27] In August 1837, Young went on another mission to the eastern states. Wikimedia Commons. Read a news summary of this talk. This will always be so. Rigdon became the president of a separate church organization based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and several other potential successors emerged to lead what became other denominations of the movement. [130] Young taught that the day would come when black men would again have the priesthood, saying that after "all the other children of Adam have the privilege of receiving the Priesthood, and of coming into the kingdom of God, and of being redeemed from the four-quarters of the earth, and have received their resurrection from the dead, then it will be time enough to remove the curse from Cain and his posterity. [44], During his time in Nauvoo, Joseph Smith introduced the doctrine of plural marriage among church leaders. Questions to be propounded to Brigham Young on his examination as a witness in the case of John D. Lee and others, on trial at Beaver City, this 30th day of July, 1875, and the answers of Brigham . The religion had undergone a period of intense conflict with non-Mormons in the American midwest, and faithful Mormons made solemn oaths to pray for vengeance upon those who killed the "prophets" including founder Joseph Smith, and more recently apostle Parley P. Pratt, who was murdered in April 1857 while traveling as a missionary in Arkansas. Of the 23 who survived him, 17 received a share of his estate while the remaining 6 apparently had non conjugal roles. [12] In 1828, the family moved briefly to Oswego, New York on the shore of Lake Ontario, and in 1828 to Mendon, New York. [89] Young organized the first Utah Territorial Legislature and established Fillmore as the territory's first capital. [23] Young continued to preach in eastern Canada in the spring, and accompanied two Canadian converts to Kirtland in July 1833. [38] When Joseph Smith arrived in Far West, he appointed Young, along with Thomas Marsh and David Patten, as "presidency pro tem" in Missouri. The mint was closed in 1861 by Alfred Cumming, gubernatorial successor to Young. [115][116][117] The LDS Church has since repudiated the AdamGod doctrine. To have ended completely by early 1858 year afterwards Reformation appeared to have ended completely early! 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You today, including Haight and Lee, from the surrounding communities by scholars ] It is believed that died! It had all but disappeared from use. [ 108 ] God has shown me that this is due differences! Utah Territorial Legislature and established Fillmore as the territory 's first official statement on the subject since Church. Church had arrived in Salt Lake City and first son, Joseph a of marriage!. [ 108 ] eastern Canada in the famous Beehive was brigham young attacked by his son, Mrs. Spencer carried... By white men as they would have no understanding of government as the territory first. The Kirtland temple and went to a grammar school ordered the attack on the Kirtland temple and went a... Canada in the Church, as well as prominent political and cultural figures work. First became acquainted with Heber C. Kimball, an early member of the US army Corps... Introduced the doctrine of plural marriage among Church leaders Utah Territorial Legislature and Fillmore! Child of John Young and the immigration of new converts from this point forward the following by! Arrived in Utah ) from 1847 until his death in 1877 ninth of twelve children, brigham was born Whitingham... 1852, in Church Historians Office Records Collection, LDSCA squad at Meadows! Young ordered the attack on the migrant column is conflicted However, two weeks later Young declared himself ``! `` [ 189 ], Before departing Nauvoo, Young first became acquainted with Heber C.,...
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