CSIRO Publishing. Endowed with forest, mineral, and fish resources, Fiji is one of the most developed of the Pacific island economies, though it remains a developing country with a large subsistence agriculture sector. Below are the key figures for Oceania population in 2022: Source: Pew Research Center. [314] In the 2016 Census, 52% of the Australian population declared some variety of Christianity and 30% stated "no religion".[315]. [374], Australia is a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy[375] with Charles III at its apex as the King of Australia, a role that is distinct from his position as monarch of the other Commonwealth realms. [230][231], Micronesia, which lies north of the equator and west of the International Date Line, includes the Mariana Islands in the northwest, the Caroline Islands in the center, the Marshall Islands to the west and the islands of Kiribati in the southeast. Chai, Makana Risser. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. While in other non-English speaking countries Australia and Eurasia are thought of as continents, while Asia, Europe, and Oceania are regarded as "parts of the world". Subregions in Oceania. [386] A parliamentary general election must be called no later than three years after the previous election. [76][77] American lexicographer Joseph Emerson Worcester wrote in 1840 that Oceania is "a term applied to a vast number of islands which are widely dispersed in the Pacific Ocean [] they are considered as forming a fifth grand division of the world." [26], The geographer Conrad Malte-Brun coined the French expression Terres ocaniques (Oceanic lands) c. 1804,[27] then in 1814 another French cartographer, Adrien-Hubert Bru, coined from this expression the shorter "Ocanie" putting it on a map, "Ocanie, ou cinquime partie du monde, comprenant l'archipel d'Asie, l'Australasie et la Polynsie (ou le continent de la Nouvelle Hollande et les les du Grand Ocan)". [80] The Bonin Islands (adjacent to Micronesia) at that time were a possession of Britain; Macquarie Island, to the south of Tasmania, is a subantarctic island in the Pacific. the U.S.A. ranks number 3 in the list of countries (and dependencies) by population. To ensure these plants set seed, biologists rappel down 910-metre (3,000ft) cliffs to brush pollen onto their stigmas. [24] The island of Taiwan similarly lies on the continental shelf of Asia, with their inhabitants historically having had exchange with mainland Asia. It covers an area of about 3,291,903 sq.mi and accommodates a population of 40 million. All other islands associated with Latin American countries were excluded, as they are continental in nature, unlike Guadalupe Island and the Revillagigedo Islands (both situated on the Pacific Plate) and the oceanic islands situated on the Cocos Plate and Nazca Plate. What is the population of Oceania? The term, in its widest sense, embraces the entire insular region between Asia and the Americas. The smallest continent in the world is Oceania,with just 9,008,458 km2of surface, of which 27,760 km are coastlines and 785,753 km2belong to New Guinea, considered the second largest island on theplanet. [145][146] In their 2019 book Women and Violence: Global Lives in Focus, Kathleen Nadeau and Sangita Rayamajhi wrote that, "the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, and most of Indonesia are not usually considered to be part of the region of Oceania as it is understood today. 3. [325][326] Melbourne is also fairly multicultural, having the largest Greek-speaking population outside of Europe,[327] and the second largest Asian population in Australia after Sydney. [431] Sculpture in Oceania first appears on New Guinea as a series of stone figures found throughout the island, but mostly in mountainous highlands. Chart and table of Australia population from 1950 to 2023. Most islands in the Pacific are high islands (volcanic islands), such as, Easter Island, American Samoa and Fiji, among others, having peaks up to 1300 m rising abruptly from the shore. Australia and New Zealand were grouped together by Flick as Australasia, and categorized as being in the same area of the world as the islands of Oceania. Many scholars now replace those categories with Green's terms since the early 1990s, but the old categories are still used in science, popular culture and general usage. South Island is dominated by the Southern Alps. [92], The 1926 book Modern World History, 1776-1926: A Survey of the Origins and Development of Contemporary Civilization, by Alexander Clarence Flick, considered Oceania to include all islands in the Pacific, and associated the term with the Malay archipelago, the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia, the Aleutian Islands, Japan's Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan (then known as Formosa) and the Kuril Islands (currently administered by Russia, but which were then partly split between Japan and Russia). What Is The Population Of Oceania? Japan's Bonin and Ryukyu Islands are also considered to be subtropical islands, with the main Japanese archipelago being non-tropical. The main continental landmass of Oceania is Australia. Population: Overall total population (both sexes and all ages) in the region as of July 1 of the year indicated, as estimated by the United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. [169] The UN's name for the Australasia subregion is "Australia and New Zealand"; their definition includes New Zealand, but places Papua New Guinea in Melanesia. [74], French writer Gustave d'Eichthal remarked in 1844 that, "the boundaries of Oceania are in reality those of the great ocean itself. The history of Hawaii's economy can be traced through a succession of dominant industries; sandalwood,[361] whaling,[362] sugarcane, pineapple, the military, tourism and education. "[147], In Reptiles and Amphibians of the Pacific Islands: A Comprehensive Guide (2013), George R. Zug claimed that "a standard definition of Oceania includes Australia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, and New Zealand and the oceanic islands of Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia." "[87] Rand McNally & Company, an American publisher of maps and atlases, claimed in 1892 that, "Oceania comprises the large island of Australia and the innumerable islands of the Pacific Ocean" and also that the islands of the Malay archipelago "should be grouped in with Asia. [227], Oceanian islands are of four basic types: continental islands, high islands, coral reefs and uplifted coral platforms. The information shown follows sources in cross-referenced articles; where sources differ, provisos have been clearly indicated. Subsequent immigration has been chiefly from the British Isles, but also from continental Europe, the Pacific, The Americas and Asia. [238] It is almost entirely oceanic crust. [272] Predominant bird species in the country include the Australian magpie, Australian raven, the pied currawong, crested pigeons and the laughing kookaburra. Australia and New Zealand have diversifiedeconomies, with a strong presence in the area of services and the primary sector (production), since between the two countries they account for 40% of the worlds sheep. By 2000 about 12 million islanders lived in Oceania (excluding Australia), and many indigenous cultures were revolutionized by intensive contact with non-Oceanic groups who had intruded from various parts of the Western world. [195], Micronesia began to be settled several millennia ago, although there are competing theories about the origin and arrival of the first settlers. [341] New Zealand is also one of the most globalised economies and depends greatly on international trade. Oceania's largest export markets include Japan, China, the United States, India, South Korea and the European Union. [38] The islands, now politically associated with Alaska, have historically had inhabitants that were related to Indigenous Americans, in addition to having non-tropical biogeography similar to that of Alaska and Siberia. Oceania ranks number 6 among regions of the world (roughly equivalent to "continents"), ordered by population. The most inclusivebut not always the most usefulembraces about 25,000 land areas between Asia and the Americas. In Kiribati, a Parliamentary regime, the President of Kiribati is the head of state and government, and of a multi-party system. [89] New Zealand were categorized by him as being in Polynesia; and the only country in his definition of Australasia was Australia. [165][166] As such, it is not also culturally considered a part of the predominantly English-speaking Australasia. [340], Australia and New Zealand are the only highly developed independent nations in the region, although the economy of Australia is by far the largest and most dominant economy in the region and one of the largest in the world. The subject matter typically carries themes of fertility or the supernatural. [66] However, Brown did not explicitly associate Japan or Taiwan with the term Oceania. 1.004 (1,004 males per 1,000 females) which is lower than global sex ratio. The Australia-New Zealand continental fragment of Gondwana split from the rest of Gondwana in the late Cretaceous time (9590 Ma). [165] Conversely, New Caledonia has still had a similar history to the rest of Melanesia, and their French-speaking Europeans make up only 27% of the total population. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian birds, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia. [192] The earliest definite human remains found in Australia are that of Mungo Man, which have been dated at c. 40,000 years old. [207] They are believed to have been Polynesian. Petroglyphs, tattooing, painting, wood carving, stone carving, and textile work are other common art forms. Around 1200, Tahitian explorers discovered and began settling the area. [180] The 1985 edition of the South Pacific Handbook also groups the Galpagos Islands as being in Polynesia, while noting that they are not culturally a part of the subregion. Cultural customs such as the Samoa 'ava ceremony are significant and solemn rituals at important occasions including the bestowal of matai chiefly titles. ", Field listing GDP (official exchange rate), "How Fitch, Moody's and S&P rate each country's credit rating", "Statement on Monetary Policy (November 2013)", "2014 Quality of Living Worldwide City Rankings Mercer Survey", "Happy birthday Melbourne: 181 and still kicking! Source: Worldometer ( www.Worldometers.info) Due to external migration, the population increased by 214,649. Oceania has traditionally been divided into four parts: Australasia ( Australia and New Zealand ), Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. [413] New Zealand marks two national days of remembrance, Waitangi Day and ANZAC Day, and also celebrates many holidays such as the Queen's Birthday, Labour Day, and Christmas Day, as well as public anniversaries of the founding dates of most regions. The old categories have been in use since they were proposed in 1832 by French explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville. Excluded under most definitions of Oceania are the Pacific landmasses of Taiwan, the Ryukyu Islands, and the Japanese archipelago, which are all on the margins of Asia, as well as the Aleutian Islands and other Alaskan or Canadian islands. [64][123][321] There are also Creoles formed from the interaction of Malay or the colonial languages with indigenous languages, such as Tok Pisin, Bislama, Chavacano, various Malay trade and creole languages, Hawaiian Pidgin, Norfuk, and Pitkern. Updates? Population is the entire pool from which a statistical sample is drawn. Population Pyramids: OCEANIA - 2022. Source: UN (World Population Prospects 2019) Date: 23 Aug 2021: Top Statistics Olympics Medal Table 2020. "[86] In his 1876 book The Earth and Its Inhabitants: Oceanica, French geographer lise Reclus labelled Australia's flora as "one of the most characteristic on the globe", adding that "the Hawaiian archipelago also constitutes a separate vegetation zone; of all tropical insular groups it possesses the relatively largest number of endemic plants. These territories and regions are subject to various additional categorisations, depending on the source and purpose of each description. Portuguese navigators, between 1512 and 1526, reached the Maluku Islands (by Antnio de Abreu and Francisco Serro in 1512), Timor, the Aru Islands (Martim A. Melo Coutinho), the Tanimbar Islands, some of the Caroline Islands (by Gomes de Sequeira in 1525), and west Papua New Guinea (by Jorge de Menezes in 1526). The largest and most populous dependency is the French dependency of New Caledonia, which has a land area of 18,280 km 2, and a population of approximately 287,000. Description . Australia is situated in the middle of the tectonic plate, has occasional middle-sized earthquakes, and currently has no active volcanism (but some volcanoes in southeast Australia erupted within the last 10,000 years). [85] Publication Missionary Review of the World claimed in 1895 that Oceania was divided up into five groups; Australasia, Malesia, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. The notable exceptions, those islands more than 400 statute miles from any other, are: Clipperton Island, Easter Island, Salas y Gmez, Johnston Atoll, Norfolk Island, Marcus Island and Parece Vela. The islands of the North Pacific, such as the Aleutians and the Kuriles, usually are excluded. Tropical 4. A second island type formed of coral is the uplifted coral platform, which is usually slightly larger than the low coral islands. Fewer than 6.5 million in all, the peoples of Oceania possess a vast repository of cultural traditions and ecological adaptations. [380] The Australian Defence Force is by far the largest military force in Oceania. On 15 November 2022, the world's population reached 8 billion people, a milestone in human development. Most of them have little economic or political importance." Beginning c. 1100 CE, the people of Easter Island would begin construction of nearly 900 moai (large stone statues). version. Year: as of July 1 of the year indicated. New Zealand's economy is the 53rd-largest in the world measured by nominal gross domestic product (GDP) and 68th-largest in the world measured by purchasing power parity (PPP). The smallest increase in 2021 with 0.13 percent. This article is about the geographical region. Pop. [214] On 29 April, Cook and crew made their first landfall on the mainland of the continent at a place now known as the Kurnell Peninsula. New Caledonia remains an integral part of the French Republic. Density (P/Km): (Population Density) Population per square Kilometer (Km). The total population of Oceania minus mainland Australia is about 18 million. His expedition became the first recorded Europeans to have encountered its eastern coastline of Australia. "[73] The Pacific Islands Forum expanded during the early 2010s, and areas that were already included in the UN definition of Oceania, such as French Polynesia, gained membership. The total population density, however, barely fluctuates between 2.8 and 3.4 inhabitants per square kilometer. Conditions vary from extremely wet on the West Coast of the South Island to almost semi-arid in Central Otago and subtropical in Northland. I. The South Pacific Forum was founded in 1971, which became the Pacific Islands Forum in 2000. 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Randall & Alfredo Cea Egaa", "Venereal diseases in the islands of the South Pacific", "The Austronesians: Historical and comparative perspectives", "Paternal Genetic Structure of Hainan Aborigines Isolated at the Entrance to East Asia", "Indian National Football Team: Know Your Rivals - Chinese Taipei", "Tectonics of the East Pacific | Hurtigruten Expeditions", "1963 Kuril Islands earthquake of 8.5 magnitude | Sound Seismic", "Popular Geology - Earthquakes & Tsunamis", "pacific-studies.eu: Clipperton Island (France) | The World Factbook", "Clipperton Island | island, Pacific Ocean | Britannica", "Zoogeography of the shorefish fauna of Clipperton Atoll", "Sponges from Clipperton Island, East Pacific", "Was Marcus Island Discovered by Bernardo de la Torre in 1543? Australian birds, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia P/Km ): ( population density However. Www.Worldometers.Info ) Due to external migration, the Americas called no later than three years after the previous election slightly. 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