So I did not have two years experience. police in blue helmets fought young people in the street, great men were gunned down in their prime. It was also the fact that they were so different, and that they were lowly metro reporters. Encyclopedia.com. And it turned out he had worked for the CIA for years, had been working in the White House as a consultant to Chuck Colson, who was then Nixons hatchet man. George Tames/New York Times Co./Getty Images, American University School of Communication, unfolded over 26 months beginning in June 1972, Getting It Wrong: Debunking the Greatest Myths in American Journalism, Woodward and Bernsteins All the Presidents Men, cinematic adaptation of All the Presidents Men, Committee Member - MNF Research Advisory Committee, PhD Scholarship - Uncle Isaac Brown Indigenous Scholarship. They were tireless young reporters, fearless and not intimidated by the very powerful people they were investigating. But there's a lot that's not generally known about Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein. The shadowy man was the compass to point the journalist duo in the right direction. When you began to work as a journalist, what was the reaction of your family? Events are in no way simple or cinematic. I got there just as Hoffman broke from the building. He wanted to use the presidency as an instrument of personal revenge, to settle scores, too often, and thats not what the presidency is about. Obviously, theres not one American dream. Ben Bradlee: Its a good story. Things that seemed to be simple and innocuous but were quite devastating, false press releases, and accusing people of various activity and so forth, and a kind of sowing the seeds of discord. From the time of the break-in, and through the fall and winter of 1972-1973, Bernstein and Woodward, under increasing public attack from White House spokesmen, worked virtually alone on the story. They wrote that history has shown that Watergate was even worse than we thought it was at the time: In the course of his five-and-a-half-year presidency, beginning in 1969, Nixon launched and managed five successive and overlapping wars -- against the anti-Vietnam War movement, the news media, the Democrats, the justice system and, finally, against history itself. We missed the first edition, but we published it the second edition, which came out at 11 oclock at night, 11:30. Who would be dumb enough to work on this story on a Saturday morning? And they thought of me immediately. Woodward and Bernstein did disclose financial links between Nixon's reelection campaign and the burglars arrested June 17, 1972, at headquarters of the Democratic National Committee, in what. Deep Throat is the pseudonym given to the secret informant who provided information in 1972 to Bob Woodward, who shared it with Carl Bernstein.Woodward and Bernstein were reporters for The Washington Post, and Deep Throat provided key details about the involvement of U.S. president Richard Nixon's administration in what came to be known as the Watergate scandal. Im out there doing it, and if theres pressure or debate or controversy, theyre absorbing that pressure. [26] Bernstein and second wife Ephron already had an infant son, Jacob, and she was pregnant with their second son, Max, in 1979 when she learned of her husband's affair with Jay. He soon became the papers leading reporter, and by September 1971, the Post was ready to give him another try. Very forceful, very insistent that we write essays to answer questions, and not short answers. Nixon resigned from the presidency on August 9, 1974, after tape recordings that he had ordered made, and then tried to conceal from and deny to investigators, were made public. And once you are convicted of a felony, you cant own television stations, so it would have cost us all the television stations. Within a year, his byline was appearing on the front page. Those were second marriages. Contributors control their own work and posted freely to our site. I think pride is hubris. The processes that caused [Nixons] resignation were constitutional., Grahams words, however accurate and incisive, scarcely altered the dominant popular interpretation of Watergate. It seems to me that to be a topnotch investigative journalist, you have to have a lot of guts in order to question some of these things. So you are dealing a glancing blow to whats out there. And my father said probably the severest thing he has ever said to me. Whos going to get what lead and put it together? Who were your favorite authors? He persuaded The Washington Post to give him an unpaid two-week try-out. Were you in intelligence? Woodward and Bernsteins account of the investigation, All The Presidents Men, became a national bestseller and was made into a popular motion picture. I can tell you exactly where it was the night when it all went down, when those burglars were arrested inside the Watergate Hotel. My friends' older brothers and sisters had Haight-Ashbury, Woodstock and Kent State. Are there particular books that you remember? And it in many ways is, I think, the principle under which she and her son, Don Graham, tried to run The Washington Post. [18], Bernstein left the Post in 1977 and expanded into other areas due to his reputation from the Watergate reporting. What were some of the mistakes? 1996 - 2023 American AcademyofAchievement. 25 Feb/23. President Nixon attempted to use the office of the presidency to cover up the crimes and his involvement with any break-ins. We had to be sure. Can he get the hurt and vulnerability?, Throughout filming in 1975, if there was a question on how Woodward or Bernstein might react, Redford or Hoffman or Pakula called either man. Bob Woodward was at the very head of that pack, flaunting his access to the Bush White House while failing to ask the only question that really mattered. HARRY S. TRUMAN of Independence, Missouri, once remarked that three experiences prepared a man for, Woodward, Bob 1943- (Robert Upshur Woodward), Woodward, Daniel 1931-2007 (D.H. Woodward, Daniel H. Woodward, Daniel Holt Woodward), https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/woodward-and-bernstein. Bobs sucking up to people. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. In 1982, for ABC's Nightline, Bernstein was the first to report[citation needed] during the Israeli invasion of Lebanon that Ariel Sharon had "deceived the cabinet about the real intention of the operationto drive the Palestinians out of Lebanon, not (as he had claimed) to merely establish a 25-kilometer security zone north from the border". Ben Bradlee: I was at The Washington Post, and I couldnt believe it. Thanks to their investigation and reporting, the American people had a deep look into Nixon's role in the break-ins and cover-ups. And redford was the one who shaped 'All the President's Men.' Its small wonder that the heroic-journalist myth still defines popular understanding of Watergate. His unfounded fear of being fired and his need to belong fueled his workaholic lifestyle. 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They both got married during the heady days of Watergate, Carl most famously to Nora Ephron. 2023 BuzzFeed, Inc. All rights reserved. Bob Woodward: Is the CIA connected to this? How did it happen? And whats sad about the Nixon presidency is not just the criminality and abuse of power, but the simple truth, to the best of my knowledge at this point, on those tapes no one ever says what would be good, what would be right for the country, what would be best for the country, which of course is what a president is supposed to do. Dont tell me never. Get to the bottom of it. That your resources, the resources of the newspaper, should be directed at completing this story, getting the full tale, if you would. That happened a long time ago. Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps. Ben Bradlee: Well, right away, with Hunts name and the White House telephone number in there. "They couldn't be more different. It was going to be reproduced in the history books, and we wanted to be sure that we got it right, and be sure that some there wasnt a typo. If you need to flag this entry as abusive. Mr. Woodward, there were mistakes made during Watergate, you have said in the book. Instead, they wrote 'All the President's Men' and they sold the movie rights to Robert Redford. Nixon didnt last too long in that second term. With the full support of their editor, Ben Bradlee, Bob Woodward and his Post colleague Carl Bernstein continued to pursue the Watergate story, after other news outlets had dropped the story. There are hundreds of millions of American dreams. Thats the standard clich about Watergate: the system worked. . You have Hunt saying Oh, my God! At a later arraignment, one of the guys whispered to a judge. They weren't big, White House reporters. Early one Saturday morning, June 17, 1972, the Posts city editor called Woodward to tell him that five men with cameras and electronic surveillance equipment had been arrested breaking into the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee at the Watergate office complex. In their dogged reporting of the Watergate scandal, Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein uncovered the crimes that forced Richard Nixon to resign the presidency in August 1974. The Twitter-sized version is the president had a goon squad that did all kinds of buggings and break-ins and political dirty tricks, and when those burglars with ties to the White House were busted 40 years ago, Nixon and his top aides broke the law to cover it all up. Much of their hard work was a quest for access to anyone who knew the real secrets of the Nixon White House. "Woodward and Bernstein Felt was 91 when, in 2005, he acknowledged through his familys lawyer that he had been Woodwards source after all. There was competition. One story that Ephron shared with Pakula concerned how the two reporters sparred as they raced to complete the book All the Presidents Men. Woodward, she told the director, could be so stubborn and bullheaded and had no instinct for writing. When Ephron and Bernstein were in Martinique on vacation, Woodward and Bernstein fought on the telephone, to the tune of a $400 bill, about verb tenses. During his marriage to Ephron, Bernstein met Margaret Jay, daughter of British Prime Minister James Callaghan and wife of Peter Jay, then UK ambassador to the United States. I now do my books alone, but I have a full-time assistant who is kind of my collaborator. The article was entitled "The Idiot Culture". He started working for the Washington Post in 1971, nine months before the Watergate break-in. By day, he circulated in the citys government offices, and pressed civil servants for every piece of information that might prove useful. The five Watergate burglars and several other Nixon subordinates, including former U.S. Attorney General Mitchell, were sentenced to prison terms. display: none; John Dean's afternoon testimony before the Senate Watergate committee, the crest of a high and beautiful wave.", They wrote that history has shown that Watergate was even worse than we thought it was at the time, they seemed blind to the reality that Felt wasn't motivated by an altruistic loyalty to the nation or the truth but by blind career ambition and petty revenge, we've seen a president who WASN'T impeached for evading Congress to cut secret arms deals in Iran and fund a secret war in Nicaragua, Bob Woodward was at the very head of that pack. Legendary Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein were guests on Sunday's "Reliable Sources" on CNN. How did you do that? Woodward immediately published a full account of his dealings with Felt in his book, The Secret Man. And of course, as I now recall Faulkner novels, the characters are trying to find out what happened. Hunt had been studying Ted Kennedy and checked books out of the library. What is this secret government we have? Why is he interested in that? But every Republican in the country was interested in Chappaquiddick, and not a few Democrats, so I said, Find out what the hell he took it out for. For the team that took down President Nixon, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein followed this format to a tee. AllRightsReserved. Bob Woodward: Yes. Theres so much richness in his language, its almost the opposite of journalistic writing. We were more expert than a lot of the government witnesses who testified against us. Ben Bradlee: Probably the first or second day, really. Lewis was with the Post from 1935 until his retirement in 1985. December 26, 2006 / 7:23 AM The rest of them all got away with it. Bernstein was portrayed by Dustin Hoffman in the film version of All the President's Men[28] and by Bruce McCulloch in the 1999 comedy film Dick. While single, in the 1980s, Bernstein became known for dating Bianca Jagger, Martha Stewart, and Elizabeth Taylor,[16] among others. The American escalation in Vietnam had just begun. The fallout or denouement caused President Nixon to resign from office and sent several "conspirators" to prison. J. Anthony Lukas, Nightmare: The Underside of the Nixon Years (1976) is an exciting narrative and analysis by a New York Times reporter that puts Watergate into the context of what the author refers to as "Richard Nixon's abuse of his presidential powers." But it would have been I mean, there was a lot of money on the table. "They were journalistic icons for the role they played in bringing down, or helping to bring down a president of the United States, (Richard) Nixon in 1974," Shepard understated. When you were a child, who most inspired you? Bob Woodward: I was not married at the time and loved being free to do something. Some questioned the credibility of the work due to the lack of footnotes and named sources, even though many acknowledged that it would have been impossible to write without the promises . If anything, the intervening 25 years have solidified the heroic-journalist myth of Watergate, which I address and dismantle in my book Getting It Wrong: Debunking the Greatest Myths in American Journalism.. In some ways, Carl lives in the shadow of Bob Woodward. "[32], Differences between Bernstein and Woodward, A Woman in Charge: The Life of Hillary Rodham Clinton, A Woman In Charge: The Life of Hillary Rodham Clinton, "Carl Bernstein on Trump and the Current State of Journalism", "Yes, kids, there is life after high school", "He Went From Watergate to 'Heartbun,' From Investigative Superstar to Celebrity Dinner Guest. There were some teachers and lawyers and business people, but no writers. That really is what were all about. Richard Matthew Pious But together they did something that neither one of them could do individually. It taught me the benefits of collaboration, and that collaboration is a wonderful thing. You are also agreeing to our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. .component--type-recirculation .item:nth-child(5) { How did that come about? You want to spend time on it. Both "owe a lot" to Redford, Shepard said, explaining that, "Redfrod played a key role in the writing of the book, because Redford saw that the story was Woodward and Bernstein, these two lowly reporters who were going after the White House. Listen to the music that blared in static-y mono glory from 77, WABC, on the beach those Watergate summers, from Lynyrd Skynyrd ("Now Watergate does not bother me") to David Bowie ("Do you remember your President Nixon?"). Woodward is the fifth branch of government! He met his Deep Throat source secretly to get as much information as possible. He had worked in the Pentagon, and then he had worked for the Rand Corporation. On the other hand, Carl Bernstein was the child of two Communist activists (per Washingtonian). His detailed notes, first made public in December 2005, were donated by his wife to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences after his death in 1998 in an automobile accident. In a sense, there were the two worlds: of the Navy, where all the opposite principles seemed to prevail; and then there was The Washington Post there at my doorstep every morning, kind of saying, Wait a minute. But then two by-the-book (sort of) dudes with wide ties and spiral notebooks -- Woodward and Bernstein -- came along in stoppage time to snatch victory from the jaws of defeat. Like most media myths, the heroic-journalist interpretation of Watergate rests on a foundation of simplicity. Ben Bradlee, editor of the Washington Post during Watergate, told me that Pakula spent so much time with each of us. Bob Woodward: An immense amount of independence. The piston driving the Nixon administration was hate. I would have summer jobs, while my parents and other siblings would go on vacation, for instance. He was affectionately known as "Uncle Al" and had many sources in police departments. Every time the White House denied something, the evidence became clear that it was the White House that was lying. ." I had worked for the Post for nine months. "So he saw that that was the real story, whereas Woodward and Bernstein started out to write a book that was going to tell who is John Dean and who is Richard Nixon. You mentioned that you had been at the Post for nine months. Fresh out of the Navy, Bob Woodward washed out in his first attempt to work for The Washington Post, and went to work for a tiny suburban weekly. They wrote the best-selling All the President's Men and became millionaires. I like what I do. And when, the next day, Woodward this is probably Sunday or maybe Monday, because the burglary was Saturday morning early called the number and asked to speak to Mr. Hunt, and the operator said, Well, hes not here now; hes over at such-and-such a place, gave him another number, and Woodward called him up, and Hunt answered the phone, and Woodward said, We want to know why your name was in the address book of the Watergate burglars. And there is this long, deathly hush, and Hunt said, Oh, my God! and hung up. Mr. Woodward, can you tell us about the night you first got that phone call about a break-in at the Watergate? Make no mistake (as Nixon himself was fond of saying), what Woodward and Bernstein accomplished from 1972 to 1974 was incredible and deserving of all the accolades they received at the time. Im sure it would have been more interesting. Pakula gradually realized that neither Woodward nor Bernstein could have pulled off Watergate alone. As the Watergate scandal unfolded in the pages of the Washington Post in the early 1970s, the two reporters who first broke the story became just as famous as the people they were writing about. More than 40 years after they became the world's most famous journalism duo, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein are still making news. [7][8] He attended Montgomery Blair High School in Silver Spring, Maryland, where he worked as circulation and exchange manager for the school's newspaper Silver Chips. These scandals led to numerous government investigations and the eventual resignation of President Richard Nixon. [12][13], In 1965, Bernstein left the Star to become a full-time reporter for the Elizabeth Daily Journal in New Jersey. And we were so scared that we were going to by this time, we knew that the front page was going to be a historical document. It was never conclusively established that this had been done by the Nixon campaign, but one of the people in the White House acknowledged to one of our reporters that he had written it. He joined the Washington Post's metropolitan staff in 1971. My God, it looked like the end of the world! My father was a lawyer there, and I worked as a janitor in his law office when I was in high school, and started reading the files and discovered that the projection that people in the town made about their own lives was in fact not who they were, that lots of them had secrets, and many of them were in my fathers law office files. In the end, the real exceptionalism of Richard Nixon was merely that he was dumb enough to get caught. We wanted to be sure that it wasnt sabotaged in some way by, you know, printers slipping in the F word or something like that that was going to screw it up. [citation needed], Two years after leaving ABC News, Bernstein released the book Loyalties: A Son's Memoir, in which he revealed that his parents had been members of the Communist Party of America. Such speculation sometimes pointed to W. Mark Felt, a former senior FBI official. Landed at The Washington Post in 1971, had nine months reporting experience. Bob Woodward: Yes, we are. The work of Woodward and Bernstein was called "maybe the single greatest reporting effort of all time" by longtime journalism figure Gene Roberts.[2]. Woodward was soon joined on the story by Bernstein, and together the two young reporters undertook a series of investigative reports that gradually revealed the connections between the burglary and a converging pattern of crimes that finally implicated President Richard M. Nixon himself, forcing his resignation in the face of otherwise certain impeachment. Bob Woodward: Yes. While Bernstein was surprised by how mythical Deep Throat became in American pop culture, he remains as much of a part of the Watergate story as Woodward and Bernstein. The tapes were crucial to determining that Nixon had obstructed justice. Even Woodward has disavowed the heroic-journalist interpretation, once telling an interviewer that the mythologizing of our role in Watergate has gone to the point of absurdity, where journalists write that I, single-handedly, brought down Richard Nixon. Bob Woodward: Thats not humility, thats realism. Bob Woodward: This is a book I did in 1999 that took the five presidents after Nixon Ford, Carter, Reagan, the first Bush, and Clinton and analyzed the Special Prosecutor law, and showed how that, and the new climate of Congressional activism and media activism, meant the presidency was going to be forever altered. 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