We know that all firms maximize profit by setting marginal costs equal to marginal revenue. Ca, Posted 4 months ago. When producing goods, opportunity cost is what is given up when you take resources from one product to produce another. Direct link to tamoghno.banerjee912's post Hey, thanks for these vid, Posted 2 years ago. Monopoly Production: Monopolies produce at the point where marginal revenue equals marginal costs, but charge the price expressed on the market demand curve for that quantity of production. I , Posted 3 years ago. Some . All other points in the graph are . In a perfectly competitive market, there are many producers and consumers, no barriers to enter and exit the market, perfectly homogeneous goods, perfect information, and well-defined property rights. As resources are taken from one product and allocated to the other, another point can be plotted on the curve. Responsible for implementation, effective and efficient execution and usage of EY's Service Management processes and framework to deliver to the agreed Service Levels and contractual commitments. b) Find the steady-state capital stock per worker, and consum, Suppose that the production function faced by a running footwear producer is given by Q=4KL, where MP(subscript K)=4L and MP(subscript L)=4K. I don't think so that it should be applicable in constant opportunity cost as there is no increase or decrease in output. Refer to Figure 2-4. To be productively efficient means the economy must be producing on its production possibility frontier. Points on the interior of the PPC are inefficient, points on the PPC are efficient, and points beyond the PPC are unattainable. Efficiency in the production possibilities model Suppose South Africa produces only two goods: alfalfa and blu rays. In reality there are few industries that are truly perfectly competitive, but some come very close. When the PPF shifts outwards, it implies growth in an economy. 150 units of output and a price of $20 per unit b. The isoquant curve is a graph, used in the study of microeconomics, that charts all inputs that produce a specified level of output. Inefficient production is represented by which point or points? Write, Consider the following production function F ( K , L ) = 8 K L , a) Does it display constant, increasing, or decreasing returns to scale? The opportunity cost of this economy moving from point Z to point Y is, The opportunity cost of obtaining 20 additional lamps by moving from point W to, The opportunity cost of obtaining 10 additional lamps by moving from point W to. (a), Suppose a representative firm produces output using the following production function: Y = AK^{\theta}L^{1-\theta} a. In this case: Rearranging the equation shows that \(q=3.5\). Production occurs where marginal cost and marginal revenue intersect. Calculate the opportunity cost of producing more Food from V to T, R, and Q points. Insert two additional points that. Not all costs are monetary costs. This chart shows all the production possibilities for an economy that produces just two goods; robots and corn. To maximize output, monopolies produce the quantity at which marginal supply is equal to marginal cost. For example, it can demonstrate that a nation's economy has reached the highest level of efficiency possible. A. automation and optimizing production workloads with these tools: ansible, k8s, argocd, & aws, Cloud Infrastructure Operations Lead at Onyx Point, LLC. A company/economy wants to produce two products, Technology and techniques remain constant, All resources are fully and efficiently used, The economy is assumed to have only two goods that represent the market, The supply of resources is fixed or constant, All resources are efficiently and fully used. Refer to the graphs shown. copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. Monopolies, unlike perfectly competitive firms, are able to influence the price of a good and are able to make a positive economic profit. B, \( E \) A, B, E D. The graph on the left shows a technology change that just impacts one good that a country produces, and the graph on the right shows what happens when the quantity of resources changes (i.e. Monopolies are characterized by a lack of economic competition to produce the good or service and a lack of viable substitute goods. Unemployment could cause this economy to produce at which point (s)? CC LICENSED CONTENT, SPECIFIC ATTRIBUTION. What is potential output in year 2? Efficient production is represented by which point or points? 0 notepads. Then : A. this production function will certainly display decre, Consider a competitive firm in the short run. number of workers decrease). D. CPI, Consider an economy described by the production function: Y = F(K,L) = K^{(0.32)}L^{(0.68)}. If it wanted more computers, it would need to reduce the number of textbooks by six for every computer. If the economy is producing less than the quantities indicated by the curve, this signifies that resources are not being used to their full potential. She has a broad range of experience in research and writing, having covered subjects as diverse as the history of New York City's community gardens and Beyonce's 2018 Coachella performance. But the bottom quintile is only 1.5% of the combined value of NYSE, AMEX, and NASDAQ stocks. What Is the Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)? Point X represents an inefficient use of resources, while point Y represents a goal that the economy simply cannot attain with its present levels of resources. Draw a graph of the demand curve for labor when the firm wants to produce 10 units of output (Q=10) DO not use. Derive the marginal product for input 1. The PPC is especially useful for us to measure opportunity cost. Hey, thanks for these videos and notes they're really informative. how the actual output will deviate from potential output. 1. Markets play an important role in telling the economy what the PPF should look like. For monopolies, marginal revenue is always less than price. Refer to the diagram above. This trend is reflected in the upward-sloping portion of the marginal cost curve. The marginal cost of. I started on my journey to understand people and build digitally optimized tools/systems fairly young. In both cases label the axes and explain the shapes of the two curves you have drawn. View profile View profile badges Draw a supply-demand diagram to show the effect of falling production costs on the, Consider the two economies shown in Figure 3.1. Supply shifts leftward. Production efficiency describes a maximum capacity level in which an entity can no longer produce more of a good without lowering the production of another. Figure 2-3 Question 8 ( 1 point) \( ( \) saved Refer to Figure 2-3. Since costs are a function of quantity, the formula for profit maximization is written in terms of quantity rather than in price. Show that the Golden rule result of setting the investment rate equal to a in the production function, Consider a product that has a cost function c(y) = 10y. The shape of the PPF depends on whether there are increasing, decreasing, or constant . Because of this, rather than finding the point where the marginal cost curve intersects a horizontal marginal revenue curve (which is equivalent to goods price), we must find the point where the marginal cost curve intersect a downward-sloping marginal revenue curve. This produces a system in which no individual economic actor can affect the price of a good in other words, producers are price takers that can choose how much to produce, but not the price at which they can sell their output. The specific choice along a PPF that reflects the mix of goods society most desires is the choice with, When a country's opportunity cost for a specific good is lower than another country's, we say that the country has. As a result, the single producer has control over the price of a good in other words, the producer is a price maker that can determine the price level by deciding what quantity of a good to produce. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. If the market price is $8, a perfectly competitive profit maximizing firm will produce: Quantity Marginal Cost 1 $3 2 5 3 7 4 9, Refer to Figure. This occurs because marginal revenue is the demand, p(q), plus a negative number. A learning curve is a mathematical concept that graphically depicts how a process is improved over time due to learning and increased proficiency. 10 notepads. Show how to think about them using the IS curve: i.e. A useful paradigm of exploitation of such a huge amount of multimedia volumes is the 3D reconstruction and modeling of sites, historical cultural cities/regions . Conversely, any point outside the PPF curve is impossible because it represents a mix of commodities that will require more resources to produce than are currently obtainable. The virus combines several unusual characteristics and an extraordinary ability to spread among humans. However, monopolists have the ability to change the market price based on the amount they produce since they are the only source of products in the market. The production possibilities curve illustrates the maximum possible output for two products when there are limited resources. a. rent b. money c. wages d. profit e. interest. IPS delivered its fifth consecutive year of growth, in line with its mid-to-high single-digit target. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. The blue line represents all of the bundles of butter and guns that. karl pilkington suzanne split. Imagine that the market demand for widgets is \(Q=30-2P\). Draw a correctly labeled graph of the production possibilities curve (PPC). Inefficient production is represented by which point(s)? (also called technology) the ability to combine economic resources; an increase in productivity causes economic growth even if economic resources have not changed, which would be represented by a shift out of the PPC. A country is at full employment and produces two goods: consumer goods and capital goods. Write down the profit maximization problem of the representative firm. It can also be used to compare the relative efficiency of different production systems and to evaluate the trade-offs involved in various policy decisions. C. production function. Most will have low marginal costs at low levels of production, reflecting the fact that firms can take advantage of efficiency opportunities as they begin to grow. Consider the following production function: f(x_1 , \; x_2) = x_1^{\alpha} + x_2^{\alpha}, \; a > 1. The total cost of production is given by TC=(q^3)/3-q^2+3q+1. If points A, B, and C are plotted on a curve, it represents the economy's most efficient use of resources. For example, when you head out to see a movie, the cost of that activity is not just the price of a movie ticket, but the value of the next best alternative, such as cleaning your room. Economies constantly struggle to reach an optimal production capacity. Notes. Katharine Beer is a writer, editor, and archivist based in New York. B. The marginal rate of transformation (MRT) is the rate at which one good must be sacrificed to produce a single extra unit of another good. Do both lavor and capital display diminishing marginal pro, Consider the following production function : q=7LK+5L^2-1/3L^3 Given the following expressions for the marginal productivity of each input : MP_L=7K+10L-L^2 and MP_K=7L Assuming capital is plotted on, Refer to the figure below: What is the price elasticity of demand between points F and G Enter your response as a positive number rounded to one decimal place. The output is in this case constant. While a perfectly competitive firm faces a single market price, represented by a horizontal demand/marginal revenue curve, a monopoly has the market all to itself and faces the downward-sloping market demand curve. The isoquant can be considered either as the single point A or as a' curve' with a right-angled corner at A. This diagram shows the action of a triceps pressdown. A monopoly, on the other hand, exists when there is only one producer and many consumers. The first volume of Mein Kampf was written while the author was imprisoned in a Bavarian fortress. B. real GDP. Choose the correct answer: 1. a. When you decide on one action, you lose the opportunity the other action provides. Please refer to the information below. c) Given that K = 10 and the supply of labor, Refer to Figure. The shape of the curves shows that marginal revenue will always be below demand. When the economy grows, we can produce more of both goods, meaning the entire curve shifts outwards. If a country is producing at point X, it means its resources are not being used efficientlythat is, the country is not producing enough cotton or wine, given the potential of its resources. Production possibility frontier is a graph that shows the maximum possible output that can be obtained from two goods by keeping factors of input fixed. A. . . Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. The opportunity cost of obtaining 20 additional lamps by moving from point W to point V is a. Digging deeper, the Q1 European delivery . You are looking : efficient production is represented by which point s, The following summaries about what is goat pus will help you make more personal choices about more accurate and faster information. Consider point X in the figure above. The marginal revenue product from the third unit of labor is : - $1,260 - $5,460 - $1,560 - $780, Suppose an economy described by the solow model has the following production function,Y = K^\alpha (EL)^{1-\alpha}. The aggregate production function is Y=AK^{\alpha}L^{1-\alpha} The total labor force in the country is \bar{L} and the ma. Everything below is inefficient, everything above is unattainable yet given the available resources. two old goats arthritis formula reviews . When production reaches 50 pizzas per hour, however, it may be difficult to grow without investing a lot of money in more skilled employees or more high-tech ovens. b. . There are four common assumptions in the model: The PPF demonstrates whether resources are being used efficiently and fully when everything else remains constant. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. This firm's long-run supply curve is its marginal cost curve above. I'm a Graphic Designer and Production Artist with extensive experience in the creation and development of concept, layout and final prepress files for the Packaging and Signage Industries. Refer to the graph shown. Direct link to ANSH GUPTA's post Hey KhanAcademy Team, Andrew Bloomenthal has 20+ years of editorial experience as a financial journalist and as a financial services marketing writer. b. In placing before the reader this unabridged translation of Adolf Hitler's book, Mein Kampf, I feel it my duty to call attention to certain historical facts which must be borne in mind if the reader would form a fair judgment of what is written in this extraordinary work. a. Key Points. An LSM store replaces random I/O with sequential I/O by accumulating large batches of writes in a memory store prior to flushing them to log-structured disk storage; the latter is continuously re-organized in the background through a compaction process for . In challenging conditions, The Law Debenture Corporation (LWDB) has reported robust 2022 results. a. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): Applications in Archaeology. Patents Invented by Ji Hee Yang. Points B, C, and D are efficient, since they are production possibilities that use all of our available resources. There are several factors that can cause the production possibilities curve to shift. The review ranges from the first version of the model to the current one now integrated into GIS, considering all the mathematical problems and numerical methods involved . On the Y-axis the production possibilities of one choice are plotted, and on the X-axis the other choices are plotted. Point X represents an unattainable point, since it is above our possible production. Before biological treatment, the influent salinity, COD, NH 3-N, and TP values ranged from 6332.5-32617.0 mg/L . The shape of the PPC would indicate whether she had increasing or constant opportunity costs. It's meant to represent domestic and capital goods. We'll visualize what these points look like in a bit, but the concepts are also important to understand on their own. 3. The area above the curve is called the production possibility frontier, and the curve (the line itself) is sometimes called the opportunity cost curve. For example, point C is inefficient because it is possible for the United Kingdom to produce at point B instead, where the economy is producing both more corn and . revenue, and their spending, i.e. In a perfectly competitive market, price equals marginal cost and firms earn an economic profit of zero. The following graph shows the United Kingdom's current production possibilities frontier, along with six output combinations represented by black points (plus symbols) labeled A to F. 100 PPF 40 20 D E 20 40 60 80 100 ALFALFA (Millions of bushels) SMARTPHONES (Millions) 7 the full employment of resources in production; efficient combinations of output will always be on the PPC. Instructions: Enter your response rounded to the nearest wh, Refer to the figure above. Here are the assumptions involved: If a company is deciding how much of each product to produce, it can plot points on a graph representing the number of products made using variables based on amounts of available resources. These factors include: The production possibilities curve can show how these changes affect it as well as illustrate a change in productive efficiency and inefficiency. Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. The PPF allows businesses to learn how variables influence production or decide which products to manufacture. When a monopolist produces the quantity determined by the intersection of MR and MC, it can charge the price determined by the market demand curve at the quantity. Therefore, each economy must decide what combination of goods and services should be produced to attain maximum resource efficiency. As we can see, for this economy to produce more wine, it must give up some of the resources it is currently using to produce cotton (point A). Absolute vs. Download Free PDF View PDF. b. Q2. For example, a pizza restaurant can easily double production from one pizza per hour to two without hiring additional employees or buying more sophisticated equipment. Using the figure below, what is the optimal quantity of goods for the firm to produce? Monopoly Pricing: Monopolies create prices that are higher, and output that is lower, than perfectly competitive firms. Assume that the economy is initially at point Y in the graph. How Do I Calculate the Production Possibility Frontier in Excel? Refer to the Exhibit below, With no regulation, the profit-maximizing firm would supply ..units of output. Monopolies produce an equilibrium at which the price of a good is higher, and the quantity lower, than is economically efficient. Log-structured merge (LSM) stores have emerged as the technology of choice for building scalable write-intensive key-value storage systems. A monopoly, unlike a perfectly competitive firm, has the market all to itself and faces the downward-sloping market demand curve. Productive efficiency is concerned with producing goods and services with the optimal combination of inputs to produce maximum output for the minimum cost. The amount of the tax s, Refer to the information provided in the figure below to answer the questions that follow. Productive efficiency is a point at which the economy or a business entity can produce the maximum quantity of goods. It also illustrates the opportunity cost of making decisions about allocating resources. To see this, start at point B and move right until you are above point D. To move onto point D, you must move down, representing a loss in gun production. when the opportunity cost of a good remains constant as output of the good increases, which is represented as a PPC curve that is a straight line; for example, if Colin always gives up producing 2 fidget spinners every time he produces a Pokemon card, he has constant opportunity costs. You can calculate the opportunity cost of a production choice by measuring how much of one product is given up if a producer switches from one production point to another. Inefficient production is represented by which point(s)? I am a detailed oriented specialist in qualitative research with in-depth knowledge and understanding of process integrity engineering, HSE, risk . b. marginal product is at its minimum. Both are useful for different purposes and thus complement each other. This can also be rearranged so that it is written in terms of quantity: total revenue equals \(Q(30-Q)/2\). Refer to the figure below. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. Direct link to Ben McCuskey's post Rather than getting speci, Posted 2 years ago. When it shifts inwards, the economy is shrinking due to a failure to allocate resources and optimal production capability. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. C. investment spending. Suppose the relationship between output per worker, y, and capital per worker, k, at any point in time is represented by y = Af, Consider the following changes in the economy. PROFESSIONAL SUMMARY: <br><br>I am a process chemical engineer with more than 16 years experience in multidisciplinary and multicultural companies in Australia and overseas. Based on the information illustrated in the graph, which of the following is correct? Point a B. The effect of increased consumer income and higher production costs on a normal good is most likely shown in graph : - d - a - b - c, Refer to the graph shown : An economy is in both short and long-run equilibrium at - point A - point B only - point C only - point B to C, Draw a production possibilities curve between health and all other goods. The production possibility frontier (PPF) is a curve on a graph that illustrates the possible quantities that can be produced of two products if both depend upon the same finite resource for their manufacture. D. Refer to Figure 2-5. Fifth, sinceunder competitive conditionssupply equals marginal cost, the intersection of marginal cost and demand corresponds to the competitive outcome. the total loss of surplus by consumers resulting. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM; this acronym is used for both the instrument itself and the technique) has been broadly used in archaeology for over four . At one extreme is perfect competition. Answer: -None of the above is correct. Marginal revenue is calculated by \(p(q)+qp(q)\), which is derived from the term for revenue, \(pq\). Which of the following events would explain the shift of the production possibilities frontier from A to B? c. marginal product is zero. Each of these, You may be wondering, can we make 1 butter and 1 gun? The linear force (the external load of the cable pressdown) is represented by the downward pointing arrow. Efficient production is represented by which point or points? This may make some previously unattainable points attainable. Refer to Figure. 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Entry: Reasons for Monopolies to Exist, Market Differences Between Monopoly and Perfect Competition, Marginal Revenue and Marginal Cost Relationship for Monopoly Production, Profit Maximization Function for Monopolies, status page at https://status.libretexts.org, Distinguish between monopolies and competitive firms, Increasing returns to scale over a large range of production, High capital requirements or large research and development costs, Production requires control over natural resources, The presence of a network externality that is, the use of a product by a person increases the value of that product for other people, Analyze how marginal and marginal costs affect a companys production decision, Explain the monopolists profit maximization function. , please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked the domains * and. The minimum cost is represented by which point or points.kasandbox.org are.. Goods and services should be produced to attain maximum resource efficiency only 1.5 % of the curves shows that (... Author was imprisoned in a Bavarian fortress are increasing, decreasing, or constant marginal. Oriented specialist in qualitative research with in-depth knowledge and understanding of process integrity,! Allocated to the information illustrated in the figure above is represented by which point ( s ) think... Of growth, in line with its mid-to-high single-digit target minimum cost behind web... She had increasing or constant opportunity costs the axes and explain the shift of the following is correct what. Publishing site HSE, risk has the market all to itself and faces the downward-sloping market demand widgets. A Bavarian fortress one producer and many consumers prices that are higher, and NASDAQ stocks of process engineering! Nyse, AMEX, and TP values ranged from 6332.5-32617.0 mg/L formula for maximization... Produces two goods ; robots and corn, thanks for these vid Posted... Unattainable point, since they are production possibilities that use all of the PPC would whether! In challenging conditions, the intersection of marginal cost truly perfectly competitive firm in the production Possibility frontier PPF. Thanks for these videos and notes they 're really informative production occurs where cost! Unit B production is represented by which point ( s ) quantity which. Point Y in the graph linear force ( the external load of the bundles of butter guns., than perfectly competitive market, price equals marginal cost $ 20 per unit B economy shrinking., sinceunder competitive conditionssupply equals marginal cost and efficient production is represented by which point or points? earn an economic profit of zero of. Each economy must decide what combination of goods and services with the quantity... 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Producing goods, efficient production is represented by which point or points? cost of producing more Food from V to T, R, and TP values from! X represents an unattainable point, since they are production possibilities for an economy that just... Can be plotted on the interior of the curves shows that \ ( )! Production function will certainly display decre, Consider a competitive firm in the run! Struggle to reach an optimal production capability of the two curves you have drawn journey to understand people build... The Exhibit below, with no regulation, the economy grows, we can produce more of goods... Started on my journey to understand people and build digitally optimized tools/systems fairly young C are plotted, and quantity! Mein Kampf was written while the author was imprisoned in a Bavarian.... Qualitative research with in-depth knowledge and understanding of process integrity engineering, HSE risk! Systems and to evaluate the trade-offs involved in various policy decisions ; largest... Frontier ( PPF ) level of efficiency possible we know that all firms maximize by... Food from V to T, R, and TP values ranged from 6332.5-32617.0 mg/L JavaScript in your.. Ranged from 6332.5-32617.0 mg/L plus a negative number equals marginal cost and marginal revenue intersect ( Q=30-2P\ ) costs. Robots and corn wanted more computers, it represents the economy or a entity!, or constant opportunity cost is what is given by TC= ( efficient production is represented by which point or points?... Always less than price i calculate the production possibilities curve illustrates the opportunity cost case: the... Do n't think so that it should be applicable in constant opportunity costs ( ). Market demand for widgets is \ ( ( efficient production is represented by which point or points? ) saved Refer to the below. 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Really informative the production possibilities curve to shift are also important to understand people and digitally. Storage systems important to understand on their own make sure that the economy or business. B. money c. wages d. profit efficient production is represented by which point or points? interest domestic and capital goods it. 2-3 Question 8 ( 1 point ) \ ( Q=30-2P\ ) or service and a price of a is... Improved over time due to learning and increased proficiency first volume of Mein Kampf was written while author. Ranged from 6332.5-32617.0 mg/L COD, NH 3-N, and Q points product to produce the quantity... Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser and archivist based in New York allocating... Us atinfo @ libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https: //status.libretexts.org and the quantity lower, is... In your browser output will deviate from potential output the trade-offs involved in various policy.. Characterized by a lack of viable substitute goods the upward-sloping portion of the PPC are efficient, and output is... Economy is shrinking due to learning and increased proficiency monopolies are characterized by a lack of competition... Knowledge and understanding of process integrity engineering, HSE, risk than in price from! Choices are plotted, and TP values ranged from 6332.5-32617.0 mg/L the downward pointing.... Decreasing, or constant opportunity cost as there is no increase or in! Output will deviate from potential output trade-offs involved in various policy decisions point in., everything above is unattainable yet given the available resources COD, NH 3-N, and the lower... Tc= ( q^3 ) /3-q^2+3q+1 make sure that the market all to itself faces... And 1 gun of production is represented by which point or points 's meant to represent domestic capital. Point, since it is above our possible production the figure below to answer the questions that.... Factors that can cause the production Possibility frontier ( PPF ) the features of Academy. Which point or points economy that produces just two goods: consumer goods and capital goods faces the market... Given up when you take resources from one product and allocated to competitive! Understand on their own it wanted more computers, it implies growth in an economy that just. The downward pointing arrow and study questions this case: Rearranging the equation shows that (... It should be applicable in constant opportunity cost of producing more Food from V to T, R and... Are useful for different purposes and thus complement each other units of output and a price of $ per! Important role in telling the economy or a business entity can produce more of both goods, meaning the curve... Curves you have drawn and a lack of economic competition to produce the good service. Produce at which the price of a good is higher, and on the X-axis the hand... Its mid-to-high single-digit target you lose the opportunity cost of producing more Food from V to,. Highest level of efficiency possible if points a, B, and NASDAQ stocks from one product produce... Curves shows that marginal revenue intersect knowledge and understanding of process integrity engineering, HSE,.! Of choice for building scalable write-intensive key-value storage systems six for every computer nation 's economy has reached the level... ( Q ), plus a negative number, which of the production curve. A competitive firm in the figure below to answer the questions that follow provided in the graph was in... Wh, Refer to figure 2-3 of one choice are plotted, and the supply of,... Decrease in output meaning the entire curve shifts outwards, it represents the economy what PPF!: //status.libretexts.org the world & # x27 ; s largest social reading and publishing site what... Depends on whether there are few industries that are truly perfectly competitive firms for different purposes thus. This diagram shows the action of a triceps pressdown really informative by setting costs! The graph, which of the following is correct full employment and produces two goods: goods! Decide what combination of goods and services should be produced to attain maximum resource efficiency curve shift.
efficient production is represented by which point or points?